Safety Standard Design For Bumpers On Passenger Cars
All vehicles in the United States are required by law to have bumpers. Usually installed at the cars front and rear ends, bumpers play a very important role in maintaining passenger safety. Primarily, bumpers are designed to absorb impact during low to medium-impact collisions. Nowadays, though, bumper design is also developed to reduce injuries on pedestrians upon collision with the car.
The government first began requiring the use of bumpers to prevent damage to safety auto parts such as the headlights. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration issued this as a countrywide regulation for all passenger car bumpers. Standards for bumper designs were implemented for each kind of vehicle. Design standards also differed according to the height and size of the vehicle, to ensure maximum absorption of collision impact.
Car design companies obtain licenses for bumper designs by passing the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) Test before presenting it to manufacturers. Long- running car design and manufacturing companies located in places such as Chico, California have been producing effective bumper designs for years and have been complying with industry standards.
Bumper standards have passed through two stages of development. When standards were first implemented, passenger car bumpers were required to prevent any damage to safety-related auto parts other than the bumper. More recent developments in bumper safety standards reduced test impact speeds from 5 mph to 2.5 mph for front and rear testing, and from 3 mph to 1.5 mph for corner testing. Bumpers on all modern cars, even used cars Chico, must comply with all these standards.
In the late 1980s, when road accidents reduced significantly, the government decided to modify some aspects of bumper crash tests. Standards with regard to the damage a bumper sustains during a crash test were implemented. These standards helped many cars, like used cars Chico, be more resistant to damage caused by collisions on the road.
The first bumpers were made from heavy metal, which caused the bumpers to detach from the vehicle upon impact. Modern bumpers, however, can be made from materials such as rubber, steel or aluminum. Like on most used cars Chico, CA, these bumpers are covered by thermoplastic fascia. The fascia provides a layer of protection for the bumper, helping it last longer.
Psychology of Airline Passenger Safety
I am sure that, like me, most Americans had no qualms about boarding any airliner and traveling with confidence to any destination pre 9/11 with the then security measures in place. I am sure there were those of us who were afraid of flying, but the thought of a hijacking or a bomb on our plane, we gave it no thought. Although there were still bombings and hijackings throughout the world, we as Americans "felt" safe.
On September 11, 2001 the comfortable and confident feeling we enjoyed as Americans changed forever. Not only for us but the world as a whole changed. After the dastardly attack on the United States of America we learned that our current security measures were, to say the least, vague at best. The security personnel at the airport were not trained properly due to, in my opinion, our laxidasical view of security.
After the attacks of 9/11 there were four particular areas of security that needed to be addressed immediately.
(Jeffrey Price M.A., 2004,2008)
1. What should be done with airport screeners?
2. Should aviation security be kept in the hands of the FAA?
3. If a new transportation security agency were to be created, where to place it in the governmental structure?
4. What changes should be made to the system to make Americans feel safe enough to get back on an airplane?
Of the aforementioned we will address the last of these concerns; what changes should be made to the system to make Americans feels safe enough to get back on an airplane? The Aviation and Transportation Security act (ATSA) was enacted on November 19, 2001. This act brought, among other things, thousands of Federal Air Marshall's to the sky, reinforced cockpit doors, Significant changes to the screening process and initiated a "trusted traveler program" (now known as Registered Traveler) this allowed an individual to pay a fee and then would be allowed to enter an specific expedited screening line. There was a mandate put into place that by December 31, 2002, one hundred percent of all bags must be screened. All personnel and goods that entered the secured areas of the airport must be screened. Airline and airport employees that had access to the Security Identification Display Area (SIDA) must all have criminal history records check. This also included foreign air carrier personnel. There are numerous other measures that have been put in place in the hopes of thwarting off another attack and to make us, as passengers, feel safe. Although there have been other attacks on the airlines as a whole since 9/11, there have been no successful attacks on US soil. With that being said, we as Americans are starting to get that "comfortable" feeling again. This is obvious in an article that states in August of 2005 the Transportation Security administration met to discuss the airline security passenger screening process to make it more "passenger friendly" (i.e. Quicker). Some of the proposed changes were to lift the ban on razor blades, small knives, scissors, ice picks, and bows and arrows. Also by reducing the number of pat downs, not screening judges and the like the process will be less arduous. As the author notes, isn't that exactly what we were doing prior to 9/11? (Mallory, 2006) How soon we forget and how fast we become complacent.
Recently I ventured to my local international airport with a clipboard and some pencils to interview some passengers before their flight. I had only five short questions to ask:
1. Since 9/11 have you flown on an airplane? If no Why?
2. Do you think our government has done everything possible to make us safe?
3. Do you think the passenger screening process is better since 9/11?
4. From what you have learned or heard is the baggage and cargo screening better since 9/11?
5. Do you feel safe in the airport and in the airplane flying right now?
I approached fifty individuals in the main terminal building, of those fifty not one chose to speak with me. Turning their heads or acting as if I was not there. Security even asked me what I was doing and before explaining to them my research project I felt as if I were doing something wrong.
It is my conclusion that if whatever the situation is does not affect the individual personally they just do not care. Everyone seems to be too busy or to self centered to care about a problem as a whole. Today while writing this essay, I was able to corner my neighbor and asked him about airport and airline security. His response was exactly as I thought it would be. He stated that he believes there is much more to be done with security. When I inquired what needs to be done he could not put his finger on any one thing. His response again was "I just know more could be done but no one wants to do anything" This just reinforces my conclusion. He had not flown since 9/11 and has not researched anything that has been done to improve security except for what the media tries to make us believe. It was not affecting him so why should he waste his time to find out what is really happening.
I wish everyone would be able to or want to take some of the courses I have had the privilege of being a part of. Learning the past, present and some of the future security related situations have opened my eyes. I know what is being done to protect us. Is there one direction that will guarantee our safety? Is there only one security program out there that will? No, there are no guarantees for airline security but with the layered security system currently in place I "feel" much better about utilizing air transportation.
October 26th, 2008
Shawn S. Twogood I
900636107
AES 3850
Psychology of Airline Passenger Safety
Child Passenger Safety Week offers Learning Opportunities for Parents
Child Passenger Safety Week provides Studying Opportunities for Mother and father
As countrywide Child Passenger Safety Week (from September 19-25) approaches, a fantastic deal of info and assist will be available to mother and father who want to take unique interest in the safe practices of kids who trip in motor vehicles. Here are the top 3 factors to use nationwide Child Passenger Safety Week to discover much more about preventing youngster injuries and fatalities that occur during vehicle accidents:
Child Passenger Safety Week:
Problem 1: Much more youngsters are car accident victims from the ages of 3 to 14, and die as the result of automobile accidents than from any other cause.
Problem 2: Kids beneath age five who are graduated to safety belts too soon are 4 occasions a lot more likely to sustain a critical automobile incident head injury than children who are in youngster safe practices seats or booster seats.
Problem 3: Dad and mom who comply with the legal needs in their states may possibly not be doing sufficient to safeguard their children from injury in a engine automobile incident!
It's alarming to know that your state's youngster restraint security legal guidelines might not meet the minimum youngster passenger security requirements urged by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration-NHTSA.
According to estimates by the NHTSA, almost 75% of parents use automobile youngster passenger security restraints improperly, whether the mistake is choosing the wrong type of protection or installing it improperly.
It is essential that your child's automobile seats, booster seats, or chair belts are selected, installed, and utilized appropriately. one.Use rear-facing infant seats, in the back again chair, from birth to at least age a single and at least 20 kilos;
two.Use forward-facing toddler seats, in the back chair, from age one to about age four and 40 pounds;
3.Use booster seats, in the again chair, from about age 4 to at the bare minimum age eight or at minimum 4' 9";
four.Use safe practices belts at age eight or older or taller than 4' 9". The statistics aren't all bad. In reality, analysis has clearly shown that properly-employed little one passenger security restraints can save your child's life, if you are involved in an vehicle collision. In passenger cars, little one safety seats have been found to minimize fatal injury by as a lot as 71 % for infants under age one and by as a lot as 54 % for kids ages a single to four.
In the course of Child Passenger Safety Week, the NHTSA and states also sponsor a range of extra routines designed to enhance your awareness and understanding of youngster passenger safety risks. For example, Saturday, September 25, 2010, is National Seat Check Day. Other studying actions are planned, as well. Finally, if you want to do your portion to educate other dad and mom, the NHTSA provides a selection of posters and pamphlets, available online, for the occasion. Visit the NHTSA internet site, for much more data on youngster security in motor car accidents.
Safety While Online Gaming
Online games are one of the most popular hobbies that people like to engage themselves in after spending a stressful day at work or school.
Featured at GamePro, a recent study by NPD Group revealed that online gaming at present is rapidly growing, just as online gamers are exponentially rising. A related research by Next-Gen.biz also showed parallel findings wherein 62% of the over-all gamers participate in online games, 42% of which are females. Three years prior, the very same company released statistical figures positing 217 million online gamers from around the globe, who allot five to eight hours in the internet, playing.
"Online gaming is enjoyed by a diverse group of players," said Anita Frazier, industry analyst, The NPD Group. "The sheer variety of content and ease of access makes online gaming attractive to a much larger demographic than what we typically see in retail."
Posing great dangers to consumers, the rise in number of online games has attracted numerous culprits who intend to take advantage of the industry to pry on peoples lives or steal identities. The following are some helpful guidelines that Ive come up with to help gamers avoid finding themselves caught in a pickle.
Be careful on what you are clicking. Casual gaming online may seem harmless at first but that should not stop you from being vigilant at all times. As much as possible, stick to trustworthy online gaming websites for your own security.
Gamers should be extra careful when talking to people on sites that offer online chatting with other gamers. Although it is easy to get comfy with people who share the same interests as you do, remember that these are people that you dont really know. When being friendly with anyone on the site, always keep your moms wise words in mind Dont talk to strangers.
Social networking sites that host online games such as Facebook and Myspace present another form of danger that is harder to avoid. Games on these sites require players to give them permission to access the players online information before they are allowed to play. If you can help it, try to limit the information you provide these sites.
Naturally, it is easier to just click Agree and proceed to the game immediately. However, it will save you a lot of potential trouble if you do a little research on the developers of the games first to see to it that they are credible. Scums are also rampant. Be wary of them, too.
"Users are offered in-game currency if they sign up to receive a free learning CD from Video Professor. The user is told they pay nothing except a shipping charge. But the fine print, on a different page from checkout, tells them they are really getting a whole set of CDs and will be billed 9.95 unless they return them, Michael Arrington of TechCrunch.com cautioned.
Making sure that youre dealing with a reputable company is no Herculean task. Take the time learn more about different companies. Youll never know when you, or someone you know, might fall victim to some of the industrys most cunning scammers.
Safety Checks in Your Car
We are all guilty of being a bit lax on our car maintenance at times, aren't we? But an eye opening thirteen point six million motorists in the UK admit to not checking their car batteries in the last six months, according to new research produced by a car repair specialist. A further nine point six million car owners have not had their brakes checked in this period.
This could have problematic affects for drivers, with as many as one in six drivers could break down this autumn due to dodgy batteries, and these breakdowns could be avoided by proper car maintenance.
No one wants to break down in their vehicle, but with the nights are drawing in and the weather getting cold, it's not a great time to do so.
The survey found that the age range most likely to not worry about their car maintenance are the under twenty four year olds, who are least likely to check their tyres, screen wash, lights or wiper blades.
This is a problem for breakdowns, but also for having your MOT, as these things are likely to fail you, costing you more money. Unfortunately, this is more proof for Car Insurance providers that this age range are the most troublesome, and therefore need to be charged larger premiums on a yearly basis.
Car owners over the age of sixty five are far more likely to be concerned with vehicle safety, making the right checks to ensure that their cars are safe for their journeys.