Traffic Congestion: Theories, Impact and Countermeasures
When traffic slows due to increased usage by drivers, it is known as traffic congestion. This often occurs during what is known as “rush hour” traffic times; however, poor weather conditions, accidents, road construction and other issues such as evacuations can cause traffic congestion to occur. For drivers, the result is slower speeds and increased drive times. Traffic congestion can also frequently cause vehicles to come to a complete stop for a few seconds to hours, depending upon the area and the cause of the congestion.
Theories Used to Predict Traffic Congestion
Several mathematical theories have been used to predict traffic congestion. Many have compared traffic congestion to fluid dynamics, as spontaneous jams can occur due to a minor event in instances of traffic that is heavy, though free flowing.
Unfortunately, traffic can be affected by many events, such as signals, entries from on ramps, departures onto exit ramps, accidents and road construction.
In addition, with so many goods being shipped throughout the U.S. via highways, packages commonly fall from trucks and also play a part in traffic congestion. Because there are so many factors, it is difficult to predict the true flow of traffic at any given time with the use of theoretical models. Yet, empirical models are beginning to shed some light on the issue.
Economics also plays a part in traffic congestion. In countries like India and China, economic growth has caused a massive increase in road usage, thus resulting in severe congestion of traffic.
It is believed that highway privatization and possible toll roads may help to decrease traffic congestion; however, this proposed solution also has its downfalls.
Standard workdays are believed to be a main cause of traffic congestion – think rush hour traffic – that is inevitable unless businesses restructure their working hours. Public transportation, in combination with toll roads, may help to decrease the traffic congestion and the funds raised from toll-ways can be rolled into expanding public transportation.
Negative Impacts of Traffic Congestion
Obviously, traffic congestion is associated with many negative effects. It wastes the time of drivers and their passengers. Traffic congestion is often responsible for causing delays that result in lost work time, lost time for education, lost business and more; much of which has dire consequences such as personal loss or disciplinary action.
Traffic congestion also results in additional non-productive activity, thus reducing economic health. Drivers become frustrated or stressed, making congested highways unsafe for motorists due to the higher potential for road rage. Drivers traveling congested highways also have to deal with additional costs due to congestion because of the additional fuel burned sitting in traffic, along with the wear on their vehicles. Of course, the increased air pollution and emissions released is no friend to the environment, but an even more worrisome issue is that emergency vehicles may not be able to get to the scene of an accident or their passengers to a hospital when highways are congested.
Countermeasures Suggested
Countermeasures have been suggested to help alleviate the burden of traffic congestion; however, the costs associated with these measures often result in keeping things just the way they are. Some of the proposed changes have been road infrastructure improvements like grade separation, reduced or improved junctions, reversible lanes, limited access roadways, bus lanes, carpool lanes, improved grid plans, mixed-use development, car-free cities and transit-oriented developments.
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Online Focus Group
7 Pitfalls That Can Destroy Your Market Research
Market Research is universally considered to be important, but many companies make common mistakes throughout the research process. These can be costly and misleading.
Here are the seven pitfalls to avoid:
1] No Purpose: Avoid asking "stock" questions. Instead, clearly articulate your Guiding Research Questions and only ask questions that give you answers you can use.
2] Not Doing Good Secondary Research: Do a thorough search of existing research before designing your own plan.
3] Wrong sample: Asking the right questions of the wrong respondents will yield irrelevant results. The right questions to the right people will yield usable and valuable information.
4] Wrong research tool: Many companies start the research process by saying;I want to do a survey's, or I want to do a focus group. Sometimes a combination of methods works best.
5] Insufficient Sample Size: Be careful about drawing inappropriate conclusions from research. Qualitative research is not good for extrapolating to large populations.Quantitative research must be based on a random sample that is large enough extrapolation.
6] Overspending: Consider your objectives, your time frame and your budget. By weighing all three, you can arrive at an optimal budget.
7] Improper Analysis: It's easy to look at the results of market research through biased eyes. Choose the right analytical tools and look for statistically significant findings from quantitative research and common key insights from qualitative.
iResearch has been a pioneer in online marketing research methodologies since 1998. While we remain methodology-neutral (believing that objectives, timeframe, and your needs should determine the correct methodology), we have used online techniques to help many clients achieve their goals quickly, affordably, and successfully. Contact us today to find out how you can use our years of experience in implementing online and traditional research methods to your advantage.
Online focus groups are quickly gaining in popularity due to their ability to glean customers thoughts quickly and inexpensively. Many marketers have not considered all of the possible uses for online focus groups. This article looks at one that applies to most marketing situationshow to determine and assess your customers buying decision process.
Knowing how your customers make their purchasing decisions can make a difference in your marketing strategy. The first step is to learn what makes your customers think about your product and brand. Online focus group are ideal for getting consumers to think about these trigger factors. By asking participants to tell you how and when they first thought about your product and brand, youll learn their stories about what they were doing, who influenced them, and where they were when they first realized a need or want.
Next, online focus groups allow you to probe about how consumers seek out additional information about your product and brand. Do they carry enough information with them to decide to buy, or do they talk to others, look at advertising, read articles, search the Internet, and/or visit the store? By knowing about their information search, you can reach your customers with the right message, in the right place and at the right time.
Many marketers think that surveys are the way to determine what attributes consumers consider when making a purchase decision. Yet, when they design the surveys, they are not fully aware of what attributes to include. Many copy from other surveys or include attributes they, themselves, would consider. Online focus groups done prior to designing a survey provide invaluable input on what attributes are important to your customers. Youll gather in-depth information about them that will help you to design an optimal survey.
In todays economy, many consumers never make it to the purchasing stage.
You can read more about Marketing Research Consultant, online focus groups and online surveys at: http://iresearch.com/blog
Business benefits of mobile marketing
Mobile marketing is the advertising wave of the future here today. Mobile marketing is using mobile devices (cell phones, smartphones, and tablets) to communicate marketing and promotions to customer and potential customers. The market of people you can reach via mobile devices is massive. The global market for cell phone and the like stand at around 4 billion people which is double the 2 billion people on the internet. Any businessman worth his salt wants to market and promote his products to that many eyes and wallets.
Here are a few business benefits your business can derive from mobile marketing. Sprinkled in the list of benefits are a few ideas on how you can incorporate the next wave of promotions into your company.
1. Stay in touch with your customers! The only thing better than a new customer is your current customer. Using SMS text blasts you can keep your current customers engaged and informed.
An informed customer is a better customer. Some stores have increased per/customer revenue by delivering exclusive promotions and sales to their current customers. People love exclusivity and being in the know. Work with that idea to your advantage.
2. Create new customers. Provide your possible customers with as many avenues to communicate with you and you them. Give them valuable offers to drive customers to your business.
3. Provide people with valuable, actionable information. There are businesses that use mobile marketing techniques only to communicate with their customers. You can customize the information you provide for the customer based on their interests, market segment, purchase habits, or whatever metrics you use to refine the message you deliver.
4.
The power of the message media itself. Text message based marketing has another subtle yet powerful benefit. The level of readability of text messages in general. Here is what that means. People answer their cell phones around 50% of the time or less. People read their email around 70% of the time. Now text messages are opened and viewed around 94% of the time. In other words mobile marketing techniques are read almost every time they are sent. That 94% viewership of text messages is a marketers dream. It almost insures that your message will at least be read.
These are just a few business benefits of mobile marketing. The beauty of mobile marketing is in its reach and viewership. As a business owner it would not hurt to investigate the next wave of marketing and promotions.
Wollongong Pet Care Center
Wollongong pet care center- Looking for Qualified Dog Minders?
Pets are indeed the best friend that a man can ever have. With this, every individual has their own particular way of looking after their pets. Humans look for love and care, and so do the animals that we take as pets. They often need extreme love attention as they live together with us in one home. As far as we know, animals vary in terms of ability, characteristics and behavior. Animals are of distinct skills but they have the same basic needs that pet owners have. For instance, adopting a puppy is quite enjoyable but alongside this are underlying responsibilities such as taking them for a walk and ensuring that they get proper care.
Even so, there are inevitable circumstances where you need to leave your pet in the care of a trusted hand.
Maybe you'd been in situations where you really wanted to be with your pet but couldn’t do so because of some conflicts, illness, wok commitments or family concerns. Or, maybe you just don't have the luxury of time to attend to your pet's demands. Although you treat your pet as a family member, there are times that you cannot give them the care and attention you would like. There are various options to consider. One of these is by hiring pet minders Wollongong. And here are some of the considerations that you need to take into account:
Willingness of the Dog Minder
If you opt to have pet care center Wollongong, consider this. Make sure that they have dexterous animal skills and a passion for pets.
This will give clients the comfort that their puppies are left on the care of good hands.
Since the attention span of your pet is short, there are instances that they might cause a little trouble while you're not around. Maybe when you have returned home from a weekend away, you've become upset due to the mess made by your pet and begun to scold them. This will not help you or the dog. With the aid of Wollongong pet animal care these problems are eradicated. They will spend time with your pets, look after them, feed them and keep your place free from doggy accidents.
Experienced in Dog Behavior
With a trained dog sitter, they can clearly analyze the way your pet behaves. They can also give warn you whenever signs or symptoms of illness occur in your pet. They can even refer you to a good vet.
When choosing the right dog sitter to nurse your pet while you are away from home, the qualities mentioned above can provide you with a good guide. Your next concern is where to find a qualified dog sitter and best pet care Wollongong.
At Emilia's Home Pet Care, we offer various selections of dog minding services that perfectly suit your demands. You don't need to spend time searching for quality home pet care services Wollongong and dog walking jobs Wollongong.
At http://www.emilia-home-pet.com.au, we take care of all dog minding services for you. Please visit us today!!!
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